Lexicon

Notes

Each word is linked to the corresponding lemma in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae (TLA).

Feminines are sorted without their -t, which is set off by a dot. Masculines with singulars formed by adding -w or -j added to their roots will be written with a dot before the ending. Masculines which end in -t will have “(masc.)” in the entry owing to the irregularity. Otherwise, noun gender will not be specified, as it accords to the presence or absence of –t.

Derivatives of words, such as nisbes, are listed as sub-entries under the primary word.

Verbs are listed with their classes, e.g. “2-lit.”, “3ae-gem.”, etc.

The parenthetical abbreviation “L.” followed by a number will indicate the lesson whose Vocabulary this word first appears in, if any, and will be a link to the lesson. Sub-entries will only have a lesson link if they appear in a different lesson than the main entry.

Ꜣ	f	ḫ	k
j	m	ẖ	g
Ꜥ	n	z	t
w	r	s	ṯ
b	h	š	d
p	ḥ	q	ḏ

𓄿 Ꜣ

• 𓄫𓅱 Ꜣw “length”
• 𓍋𓃀𓈋𓐰𓊖 Ꜣbḏ.w “Abydos”
• 𓅜𓐴𓐍 Ꜣḫ “akh”, “effective spirit”, one who has made it to paradise (L. 14)
• 𓅜𓐍𓐱𓏏𓐰𓈀 Ꜣḫt “horizon” (L. 5)
• 𓊨𓏏𓐰𓆇 Ꜣst → 𓊨𓏏𓐰𓆇 jst

𓇋 j

• 𓇋𓄿𓅱𓀢 jꜢ.w “praise”
• 𓋁𓃀𓏏𓐰𓏭 jꜢbtj (nisbe) “eastern” (L. 14)
• 𓇍 jj, jjj (anom.) “come, return”
  • Base stem: 𓇍 j, var. 𓇍𓇋𓂻 jj, 𓇍𓏭𓐰𓂻
  • Geminated stem: 𓂻𓅱 jw, var. 𓂻𓏲; 𓂻𓅱𓅱 jww
• 𓇋𓂝𓎛𓇹︀ jꜤḥ “moon” (L. 4)
• 𓇋𓅱 jw (part.) (L. 6)
  • This is used in a wide range of sentence structures. See relevant lessons.
• 𓿟 jwn “pillar”
• 𓿟𓏌𓐰𓊖 jwn.w “Heliopolis” (lit. “pillars”) (L. 13)
• 𓄣𓐰𓏤 jb “heart” (L. 11)
  • Used for concepts like “mind”, “center”, “emotions” as well as the organ
• 𓇋𓃀𓃙𓈗𓀁 jb(j) (3ae-inf.) “(be) thirsty”
• 𓇋𓏶𓅓𓏭, 𓇋𓏶𓅓 jm, jm.j → 𓅓 m
• 𓇋𓌳𓄪𓐰𓐍 jmꜢḫ (4-lit.) “(be) revered, honored”
  • 𓇋𓌳𓄪𓐰𓐍𓇋𓇋 jmꜢḫy “revered one”, var. 𓇋𓌳𓄪𓐰𓐍𓅱 jmꜢḫw (L. 17)
    • Usually an epithet for the deceased; sometimes, for the aged.
• 𓅓𓐰𓂋𓀀 jmj-r “overseer”, lit. “one with a mouth in them” (L. 17)
  • TLA uses the glottal stop phoneme for this: jm.j-rʾ
• 𓏶𓅓𓏭𓐰𓏏𓅱 jmjtw “among, between”, var. 𓇋𓏶𓅱𓍘𓇋 jm.wtj
  • 𓏶𓅓𓏏𓅱𓈖𓐰𓏭 jmjtw-nj (adv.) “between/among (them)”
• 𓇋𓏠𓐰𓈖𓀭 jmn Amun (Theban god, king of the gods) (L. 13)
  • var. 𓇋𓏠𓐰𓈖𓁩
  • 𓇋𓏠𓐰𓈖𓇳𓐰𓏤𓀭 jmn-rꜤ Amun-Ra (the gods Amun and Ra syncretized as one)
• 𓋀𓏏𓐰𓏭 jmntj (nisbe) “western” (L. 14)
  • 𓋀𓏏𓐱𓏏𓐰𓈉 jmntt “the west”, figuratively “the afterlife”
• 𓇋𓐰𓈖 jn “by (an agent)” (with passive verbs)
• 𓏎𓐰𓈖 jnj (3ae-inf.) “bring, fetch, use” (L. 12)
• 𓇋𓆛𓐰𓈖𓃀𓊅 jnb “wall, fence, enclosure”
• 𓁹 jrj (3ae-inf.) “do, make” (L. 13)
• 𓇋𓂋𓐰𓏭 jr.j → 𓂋 r
• 𓇋𓂋𓐰𓍿𓐰𓏏𓏈 jrṯt “milk” var. 𓇋𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏏𓏈, 𓇋𓁹𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏏𓏈𓐰𓏥 jrtt (L. 16)
• 𓇋𓐍𓐰𓏏 jḫt → 𓐍𓐱𓏏𓐰𓏛
• 𓇋𓇩𓉐𓏤 jz “tomb”
• 𓇋𓊃𓐰𓆑𓏏𓐰𓅪 jzft “evil, wrong, chaos”; the opposite of Maat (L. 17)
• 𓁹𓐰𓊨 jsjr Osiris (god), var. translit. wsjr
  • Written 𓊩𓁹 or 𓁹𓊩 in later periods.
• 𓊨𓏏𓐰𓆇 jst Isis (goddess), var. translit. Ꜣst
• 𓇋𓈙𓐰𓂋𓅱𓏦𓐰𓊖 jšr.w “Asheru” or “Isheru”, Mut’s sacred lake at Karnak (L. 18)
• 𓇋𓈎𓐰𓂋𓏜 jqr (3-lit.) “(be) successful, excellent” (L. 8)
• 𓇋𓏏𓀀 jtj “father” var. 𓇋𓏏𓐰𓆑𓀀, 𓏏𓐰𓆑𓀀 (L. 6)
  • Note unusual use of the viper 𓆑 as determinative.
• 𓇋𓍘𓇋𓇋𓀛 jty “king, sovereign, lord” (L. 15)
• 𓇋𓏏𓐰𓂋𓅱𓈗 jtr.w “river”, “Nile” (L. 5)

𓂝 Ꜥ

• 𓂝𓐰𓏤 Ꜥ “arm, hand” (L. 12)
• 𓉻𓐰𓂝𓄿𓈐 ꜤꜢ “here”
• 𓉻𓐰𓂸𓃘 ꜤꜢ (jꜤꜢ) “donkey” (L. 9)
• 𓉻𓐰𓂝𓄿𓏜 ꜤꜢj (3ae-inf.) “(be) large, important, great”
  • 𓉻𓐰𓂝𓄿𓏜 ꜤꜢ (adj.) “great, large, senior” (L. 8)
• 𓌙𓅓 ꜤꜢm “Asiatic person”
  • This takes the “enemy” determinative 𓀐 when the situation calls for it.
• 𓐢𓂋𓐰𓏛 Ꜥpr “equip, (be) equipped”, var. 𓂝𓐰𓊪𓐱𓂋𓐢
• 𓋹𓈖𓐰𓐍 Ꜥnḫ (3-lit.) “live” (L. 6)
• 𓋹𓍑𓋴 Ꜥnḫ.w wḏꜢ.w snb.w “life! prosperity! health!” (wish formula)
• 𓍼𓈎𓇋𓇋𓇳 Ꜥrq.y “last day of the month”
• 𓊢𓂝𓐰𓂻 ꜤḥꜤ (3-lit.) “stand up, (be) present, steadfast” (L. 6)
• 𓊢𓂝𓅱𓐴𓇳 ꜤḥꜤ.w “period of time, lifetime”
• 𓊢𓂝𓐰𓈖 ꜤḥꜤ.n “then” (in narratives; lit. “stood up”)
• 𓆈𓄿𓏛𓐰𓏥 ꜤšꜢ “many” (L. 8)
• 𓅧𓈎𓐰𓏲𓈀𓐰𓏥 Ꜥq.w “income, bread, rations, supplies”

𓅱, 𓏲 w

• 𓍯𓏏𓐰𓈐 wꜢt “road, way, path” (L. 7)
• 𓍯𓋴𓌀 wꜢs “dominion, power”
• 𓋆𓏏𓐰𓊖 wꜢst “Thebes” (L. 15)
• 𓅱𓇋𓄿𓊞 wjꜢ “divine boat, solar barque” (L. 4)
• 𓌡𓐰𓂝𓐱𓏤 wꜤ “one”
• 𓃂𓈗 wꜤb (3-lit.) “(be) clean, pure” (L. 9)
  • 𓃂𓈗𓀀 wꜤb “priest, wab-priest”
• 𓅱𓃀𓈖𓐰𓇶 wbn (3-lit.) “rise, shine” (L. 4)
  • var. 𓅱𓃀𓈖𓇳
• 𓄋𓐰𓊪𓐱𓏴 wpj (3ae-inf.) “open” (L. 9)
• 𓅨𓐰𓂋 wr “great, important, elder” (L. 11)
  • 𓅨𓐴𓏏𓐰𓂋 wrt “very”
    • Note that this modifies adjectival predicates and has .t even though an adjectival predicate is always in masculine form.
• 𓅨𓐰𓂋 wr “how much?” (L. 18)
• 𓅨𓐰𓂋𓆓𓀉 wrḏ (3-lit.) “(be) tired, weary”
• 𓁹𓐰𓊨 wsjr → 𓁹𓐰𓊨 jsjr
• 𓄊𓋴𓂋𓐰𓂡 wsr (3-lit.) “(be) powerful, strong” (L. 15)
• 𓅱𓈙𓃀𓏴𓀁 wšb (3-lit.) “answer” (L. 15)

𓃀 b

• 𓅡𓐴𓏤 bꜢ “ba, soul” (L. 18)
• 𓃝𓐳𓊸 bꜢ “ram” (L. 18)
• 𓃝𓎟𓊽𓊽𓏏𓐰𓊖 bꜢ-nb-ḏdt Banebdjed (ram, god of Mendes) (L. 18)
• 𓅡𓎡𓀀 bꜢk “servant, underling” (L. 7)
  • 𓅡𓎡𓀀𓇋𓅓 bꜢk–jm “yours truly, your humble servant”
  • 𓅡𓎡𓐰𓏏𓁐 bꜢkt “maidservant” (L. 12)
• 𓃀𓅡𓎼𓀉 bꜢgj (4ae-inf.) “(be) lazy”
• 𓆤𓏏𓐰𓏤 bjt “bee”
• 𓆤𓏏𓐰𓏊 bjt “honey”
• 𓃀𓇋𓈖𓐰𓅪 bjn “bad, miserable; evil” (L. 9)
• 𓃀𓅱 bw “place, location” (L. 3)

𓊪 p

• 𓊪𓐰𓈖𓇋𓊪𓐰𓏏𓉐 pꜢ-n-jpt “the one of Karnak” (2nd lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓊪𓐰𓈖𓍹𓐼𓇋𓐱𓐷𓏠𓐰𓈖𓐸𓐱𓅆𓐱𓐷𓊵𓐰𓏏𓐱𓊪𓐸𓐽𓍺𓅆 p(Ꜣ)-n-jmn-ḥtp “the one of Amenhotep” (7th lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓊪𓐰𓈖𓇋𓆛𓐰𓈖𓏏𓐰𓈉 p(Ꜣ)-n-jnt “the one of the valley” (10th lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓊪𓐰𓈖𓅯𓄿𓅓𓂝𓐰𓐍𓐱𓏭𓃭𓐰𓏤𓐱𓉐 p(Ꜣ)-n-pꜢ-mḫ(j)rw “the one of the censer” (6th lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓊪𓐰𓈖𓂋𓐰𓈖𓏌𓐰𓏲𓏏𓐰𓆇𓆗 p(Ꜣ)-n-rn(n)-wt(t) “the one of Renenutet” (8th lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓊪𓐰𓈖𓐍𓐰𓈖𓇓𓅱 p(Ꜣ)-n-ḫnsw “the one of Khonsu” (9th lunar month, N.K.)
  𓊪𓅱 pw “copula” in A pw B nominal sentences (L. 16)
• 𓊪𓅱𓏏𓐰𓂋 pw-tr → 𓊪𓐱𓏏𓐰𓂋𓆵𓀁 ptr
• 𓊪𓐰𓈖 pn “this, that” (for masc. nouns) (L. 4)
  • Feminine form 𓏏𓐰𓈖 tn.
• 𓉐𓐰𓏤 pr “house” (L. 5)
• 𓉐𓐰𓉻 pr-ꜤꜢ “palace”, “Pharaoh” (lit. “great house”)
• 𓇓𓏏𓐰𓈖𓉐𓐰𓏤 pr-nswt “king’s house, palace”
• 𓉐𓌉𓉐 pr-ḥḏ “treasurehouse, treasury”
• 𓉐𓐰𓂋𓂻 prj (3ae-inf.) “emerge, issue forth, go up” (L. 13)
• 𓊪𓐰𓂋𓇋𓆶𓂡𓐰𓏥 prj “battlefield”
• 𓉐𓐰𓂋𓏏𓐰𓇳 prt “Peret (Emergence)” (season)
• 𓊪𓎛𓄖𓐰𓂻 pḥ (2-lit.) “reach, attack” (L. 14)
  • 𓄇𓏏𓐱𓏭𓐰𓂡 pḥtj (nisbe) “strong”
• 𓄲𓐰𓂋𓂻 pẖr (3-lit.) “go around”, “turn around”
• 𓊪𓐰𓆑𓋴𓊮 psj (3ae-inf.) “cook, bake, heat up (food)”
  • Note strange spelling with 𓆑. Evidently this derived from an earlier verb beginning with f and the old radical was still written.
• 𓇷𓐱𓏏𓐰𓏥𓊹 psḏt “Ennead”, a group of nine gods; lit. ” the nine”
  • Most often this refers to the “Great Ennead”, the gods of Heliopolis. It can also simply mean “a group of gods” without there being exactly nine in the group.
• 𓊪𓐱𓏏𓐰𓇯 pt “sky” (L. 3)
• 𓊪𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏭𓆵𓀁 ptj → 𓊪𓐱𓏏𓐰𓂋𓆵𓀁 ptr
• 𓊪𓐱𓏏𓐰𓂋𓆵𓀁 ptr “who? what?”, var. 𓊪𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏭𓆵𓀁, 𓊪𓐰𓏏𓆵𓀁
  • Replaces an independent pronoun with an interrogative.
• 𓊪𓐰𓏏𓎛 ptḥ Ptah (Memphite creator god of craftsmen) (L. 3) (var. sometimes with 𓀭)

𓆑 f

• 𓆑𓄿𓀋𓂡 fꜢj (3ae-inf.) “carry, lift”

𓅓, 𓐛 m

• 𓅓 m “in” (L. 3)
  • Usually 𓇋𓅓 jm before pronouns. (L. 8)
  • In addition to things that “in” would be used for in English, can also refer to separation (m kmt can be “from Egypt”), instrument (m ḫpš “by a strong arm”), or role (prt m nswt “going forth as though king”).
  • 𓇋𓏶𓅓 jm (adv.) “therein, there, within”, var. 𓇋𓅓 (L. 3)
  • 𓇋𓏶𓅓𓏭 jm.j (nisbe) “what is in”, “being in”, “among”, var. 𓇋𓅓, 𓏶𓅓 (L. 14)
• 𓅓𓂟𓐰𓎡 m.k (part.) “behold, look, see”
  • The listed form is with the 2nd person masc. sing. suffix pronoun, for “behold!” when speaking to a masculine listener.
  • 𓅓𓂟𓐰𓍿 m.t or m.ṯ var. for feminine listener.
  • 𓅓𓂟𓐰𓍿𓐰𓈖 m.tn or m.ṯn var. for plural listeners.
• 𓌴𓐰𓁹𓄿𓄿 mꜢꜢ (2ae-gem.) “see, regard”, var. 𓌵𓄿𓄿 (L. 5)
  • Irregular infinitive; third radical sometimes written as n: 𓌴𓐰𓁹𓄿𓈖
• 𓌶𓂝𓐰𓏛 mꜢꜤ “true, just, real, orderly” (L. 14)
  • 𓌶𓂝𓐰𓏏𓏜 mꜢꜤt “truth, justice, the right order of things” (L. 8)
• 𓌶𓂝𓐰𓏛𓊤𓅱𓀁 mꜢꜤ-ḫrw “true of voice”, “justified” (L. 14) var. 𓐙𓐰𓊤︂
  • Used to say that a deceased person has made it to eternal happiness.
• 𓌳𓄿𓏜 mꜢw “new”
• 𓏇𓇋 mj “like, as, according to, as well as” (L. 8)
  • 𓏇𓇋𓇋 mj.j “like, likewise”
  • 𓏇𓏏𓐱𓏏𓐰𓏛 mjtt “the same (thing)”, “the like” (L. 15)
• 𓏇𓇋𓅱𓃠 mjw “(tom)cat” (L. 11)
  • 𓏇𓇋𓅱𓏏𓃠 mjwt “(she-)cat”
• 𓏇𓈖𓐰𓇳 mjn “today”
• 𓈗𓏤 mw “water” (L. 5)
• 𓅐𓏏𓁐 mwt (mjwt) “mother” (L. 11)
• 𓅓𓏏𓐰𓀐 mwt (masc.) “death”, var. 𓅓𓏏𓐰𓏱 (L. 17)
• 𓅓𓅓 mm(j) var. 𓅔, 𓅔𓂟 “among (them), amid”
• 𓏠𓐰𓈖 mn (2-lit.) “remain, endure, be established” (L. 15)
• 𓏠𓐰𓏌𓐱𓏌𓐱𓏌 mn.w “monument(s)” (L. 17)
• 𓏠𓐰𓈖𓇋𓅱𓀦 mnj.w “herdsman”
  • var. 𓀜𓀺, 𓀸𓅱
• 𓏠𓐰𓈖𓐍𓐰𓍊 mnḫ “effective”, “excellent, splendid” (L. 15)
• 𓏠𓐰𓈖𓐰𓍿𓀭 mnṯ.w Montu (Theban god of war) (L. 18)
• 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓐰𓅪 mr “illness”
• 𓍋𓅓𓂋𓉴 mr “pyramid” (L. 13)
• 𓌻𓐰𓂋𓀁 mrj (3ae-inf.) “love, desire, wish” (L. 13)
• 𓎔𓐻𓏏𓇇 mḥt “the Nile Delta marshlands”
  • 𓎔𓐻𓏏𓈅𓐰𓏭 mḥtj (nisbe) “northern”
  • 𓎔𓐻𓏏𓈅𓐰𓏭 mḥtj (n.) “(the) north”
• 𓅓𓊃𓎛𓆊 mzḥ “crocodile” (L. 10)
• 𓄟𓋴 msj (3ae-inf.) “give birth (to)”
• 𓇓𓏏𓐰𓈖𓄟𓋴𓅱𓀔𓀀𓐱𓁐𓐰𓏥 ms.w-nswt “royal children”
• 𓅓𓂝𓐰𓎡𓏏𓐰𓏛 mkwt (mkt) “protection” (L. 17)
• 𓌃𓂧𓅱𓀁 mdwj (4ae-inf.) “speak, say”
  • 𓌃𓂧𓅱𓀁 mdw “words, speech”
  • 𓊹𓌃 mdw-nṯr “hieroglyphs” (“god’s words”)
• 𓅓𓍑𓏏𓏛 mḏꜢt “book, letter, scroll, document”

𓈖, 𓋔 n

• 𓈖 n “for, to (the benefit of)” (L. 3)
  • 𓈖𓐰𓏭 nj “thereto”, “for it”, “thereby”
• 𓈖 n (nj) the genitival adjective, used to construct indirect genitive phrases (L. 13)
  • Fem. 𓈖𓐰𓏏 nt. Masc. plur. 𓏌𓐰𓏤 nw. Must be the final adjective modifying its noun.
• 𓈖𓐰𓏏𓂝𓐰𓏤𓏛𓐰𓏥 nt-Ꜥ “custom, practice, ritual”
  • lit. “what belongs to the hand”
• 𓊖𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 njwt “town, settlement” (L. 5)
  • 𓊖𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏭 njwtj “local” var. 𓊖𓐰𓊖 (L. 14)
  • TLA uses the glottal stop phoneme for these: nʾt, nʾtj
• 𓈖𓇋𓋴𓀞 njs (3-lit.) “call upon”, “reckon (math)”
• 𓏌𓐱𓏏𓐰𓇯𓆗 nwt Nut, goddess of the sky
• 𓎟 nb “all, every, any” (L. 8)
• 𓎟𓀀 nb “lord, master, owner” (L. 10)
  • 𓎟𓐰𓏏𓁐 nbt “lady, mistress, owner”
• 𓉠𓏏𓐰𓆇 nbt-ḥwt Nephthys (goddess; sister of Isis, Osiris, and Set; friend of the dead) (L. 10)
  • var. 𓎟𓐰𓏏𓉗𓏏𓐰𓉐𓁐, 𓉠𓏏𓁐
• 𓋞𓐰𓈓 nbw “gold”
• 𓄤𓆑𓐰𓂋 nfr “good, beautiful, perfect” (L. 8)
• 𓄤𓆑𓐰𓂋 nfr “none, not even, not”
  • 𓄤𓅱𓅪𓐰𓏥 nfr.w “deficiency, depletion”
    • Serves roughly as “zero” in certain situations.
• 𓂜𓐰𓈖 nn (part.) “not”, “no”, etc.
  • Negates adverbial sentences.
• 𓇓𓏏𓐰𓈖𓀔𓈖𓐰𓈖𓊖 nn-nswt “Herakleopolis Magna”
• 𓈖𓐰𓉔𓏭𓐰𓅪𓈒𓐰𓏥 nhj “a little, few”
• 𓈖𓐰𓈟𓅓𓂡𓐰𓈖 nḥmn (part.) “really, surely”
• 𓅘𓎛𓎛𓇳 nḥḥ “eternity” (in cyclical time) var. 𓅘𓎛𓇳𓎛, often 𓎛𓇳𓎛 (L. 17)
• 𓈖𓐰𓆱𓐰𓐍𓐱𓏏𓀜 nḫt “strong, powerful, victorious” (L. 16)
  • 𓀜𓏤 nḫt “strength, force, victory”
• 𓇓𓏏𓐰𓈖 nswt (masc.) “king” (L. 7)
  • Never used for the king of a country other than Egypt, only the king of Egypt or of its gods. If the distinction matters, nswt is king of Upper Egypt. Foreign rulers are merely 𓋾𓈎𓄿𓀀 ḥqꜢ “ruler” or 𓅨𓐰𓂋 wr “elder”.
  • Irregular plural 𓇓𓏏𓐰𓈖𓇌𓏲𓅆𓏪 nsyw in Westcar Papyrus.
• 𓊹𓏤 nṯr “god”, var. 𓊹𓀭 (L. 7)
  • 𓊹𓂋𓐰𓏏𓆗 nṯrt “goddess” (L. 11)
• 𓈖𓐰𓆓𓋴𓅪 nḏs (3-lit.) “(be) small” (L. 8)
  • 𓈖𓐰𓆓𓋴𓅪𓀀 nḏs “commoner” (L. 4)

𓂋 r

• 𓂋 r “with respect to, regarding, than” (L. 3)
  • At beginning of sentence 𓇋𓂋 jr; also occasionally thus before personal pronouns.
  • 𓂋𓐰𓆑 r.f (as part.) “regarding it” (referring to previous sentence)
  • 𓇋𓂋𓐰𓏭 jr.j “pertaining to”
• 𓂋𓐰𓏤𓊪𓅱 r-pw “whichever” (L. 13)
  • If placed at the end of a list “A B C r-pw”, has the meaning “A, B, or C”.
• 𓇳𓐰𓏤𓀭 rꜤ (rꜤw) Ra or Re (god of the sun) (L. 10)
  • var. 𓂋𓐰𓂝𓇴𓅆, 𓁚, 𓁛
• 𓂋𓐰𓂝𓇳𓐰𓏤 rꜤ “sun”, var. 𓇳𓐰𓏤 (L. 3)
• 𓂋𓐰𓏤 r “mouth”; “speech, utterance” (L. 7)
  • TLA uses the glottal stop phoneme for this: rʾ
• 𓂋𓐰𓍿𓀀𓐱𓁐𓐰𓏥 rmṯ “people” (L. 16)
  • Often written without the m, as we have done here.
• 𓂋𓐰𓈖 rn “name” (L. 3)
• 𓆳𓏏𓐰𓏤 rnpt “year”
• 𓂋𓐰𓈖𓐰𓈖𓅱𓏏𓐰𓏏𓆗 rnn.wtt Renenutet (goddess of nursing, nourishment, harvest)
• 𓂋𓐰𓐍𓏜 rḫ (2-lit.) “experience, learn, know” (L. 16)
• 𓂋𓐰𓈙𓂉𓀁 ršw (3ae-inf.) “rejoice” (L. 7)
  • 𓂋𓐰𓈙𓅱𓐴𓏏𓂉𓐰𓏥 ršwt “joy” (L. 4)
• 𓂋𓐰𓎡𓇳 rk “era, time, age”
• 𓂋𓐰𓎡𓎛𓊮 rkḥ (3-lit.) “light (fire), burn up”
• 𓂋𓐰𓎡𓎛𓉻𓐰𓎱 rkḥ-ꜤꜢ “Great Burning” (6th lunar month, M.K.)
• 𓂋𓐰𓎡𓎛𓅪𓐰𓎱 rkḥ-nḏs “Little Burning” (7th lunar month, M.K.)
• 𓂋𓐰𓂧𓇟 rd (2-lit.) “grow”
• 𓂋𓐰𓂞 rdj (anom.) “give”, “cause”, “permit”, var. 𓂋𓏙, 𓂋𓐰𓂝
  • Base stem: 𓂋𓐰𓂞 rdj or dj 𓏙, var. 𓂞, 𓂝 (L. 12)
  • Geminated stem: dd 𓏙𓏙, var. 𓂞𓐰𓂞, 𓂝𓐰𓂝
  • Originally rḏj.

𓉔 h

• 𓉔𓄿 hꜢ (interj.) “oh!”
• 𓉔𓄿𓂻 hꜢj (3ae-inf.) “go down, descend” (L. 6)
• 𓉔𓄿𓃀𓂻 hꜢb (3-lit.) “send” (L. 10)
• 𓉔𓐰𓂋𓅱𓇳 hrw “day” (L. 4)

𓎛 ḥ

• 𓇉𓄿 ḥꜢ (prep.) “behind, around”
• 𓇉𓄿𓀁 ḥꜢ (part.) “if only”
• 𓇉𓄿𓋳 ḥꜣy (3ae-inf.) “(be) naked” (L. 12)
• 𓎛𓃀𓎱 ḥꜢb “festival” (usually written without the Ꜣ) (L. 15)
• 𓄂𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 ḥꜢt “front, forepart”, “foremost” (L. 13)
  • 𓅓𓄂𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 m-ḥꜢt “in front of”
  • 𓂋𓄂𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 r-ḥꜢt “to the front of”
  • 𓌨𓐰𓂋𓄂𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 ẖr-ḥꜢt “at the front of, before (location)” (lit. “under the front of”)
• 𓄂𓐰𓂝𓀀 ḥꜢtj-ꜥ “high official” (mayor, nomarch, etc.) (L. 17)
  • lit. “one whose arm is in front”
• 𓎛𓂝𓐰𓄹𓐱𓏦 ḥꜤ.w “body, flesh”
  • Can be written as singular (no plural strokes) for “some flesh, body” but usually plural.
• 𓉗𓏏𓐰𓉐 ḥwt “enclosure” (L. 10)
  • 𓊹𓉗𓏏𓐰𓉐 ḥwt-nṯr “temple” (“god’s enclosure”) (L. 10)
• 𓎛𓅱𓀭 ḥw Hu (god of creative utterance) (L. 16)
• 𓎛𓇬𓐰𓈖𓏏𓀔𓁐 ḥwn.wt (ḥwnt) “maiden”
• 𓎛𓃀𓋴𓋳 ḥbs “clothing, garment” (L. 12)
• 𓎛𓆑𓐰𓄫𓅱𓆚 ḥfꜢ.w “snake” (L. 11)
  • 𓎛𓆑𓄿𓏏𓐰𓆙 ḥfꜢt “female snake”
• 𓍛𓏤𓅆 ḥm “incarnation, Majesty” (L. 17)
  • Allen 2014 et al. translates this as “incarnation”, as in a particular pharaoh as a manifestation of Egyptian kingship, but it was long translated as “majesty” because of expressions like ḥm.f “His Incarnation”, “His Majesty” being used for the king. Like nswt, it is a term that foreign kings cannot have, only the Egyptian one.
• 𓍛𓀀 ḥm “servant” var. 𓍛𓏲𓀀 ḥm.w (L. 7)
  • 𓍛𓏏𓁐 ḥmt “female servant” (L. 16)
• 𓈟𓐰𓏏𓁐 ḥmt (ḥjmt) “woman, wife” (L. 11)
• 𓊹𓍛 ḥm-nṯr “priest” (“god’s servant”) (L. 13)
• 𓎛𓈖𓐰𓂝 ḥnꜤ “with, together with” (L. 3)
  • Sometimes functions like a bit like “and”.
• 𓎛𓈎𓐰𓏏𓏋 ḥnqt “beer” (L. 9)
  • n usually omitted in writing. Sometimes transliterated ḥqt accordingly.
• 𓁷𓐰𓏤 ḥr “face” (L. 5)
• 𓁷𓐰𓏤 ḥr “upon”, “concerning”, “because of” (L. 8)
  • Usually written 𓁷𓐰𓂋 before pronouns.
  • 𓁷𓐰𓂋𓏭𓐰𓇯 ḥr.j “uppermost, top”
• 𓅃𓀭 ḥr.w Horus (god of the sky, kingship, war), var. 𓅃 (L. 13)
• 𓁷𓐰𓂋𓅱𓈐 ḥr.w “apart”
  • 𓁷𓐰𓂋𓅱𓈐𓐰𓂋 ḥr.w-r “apart from”
• 𓁨 ḥḥ “million, vast number”
• 𓋾𓈎𓄿𓀀 ḥqꜢ “ruler” (L. 6)
• 𓋾𓈎𓄿𓏜 ḥqꜢ (3-lit.) “rule, govern”
  • 𓋴𓋾𓈎𓄿𓏜 sḥqꜢ (caus. 3-lit.) “cause to rule”
• 𓎛𓈎𓐰𓂋𓀁 ḥqr (3-lit, noun) “(be) hungry”, “hunger” (L. 15)
• 𓊵𓐰𓏏𓐱𓊪 ḥtp (3-lit) “be content, cause contentment” (L. 8)
  • 𓊵𓐰𓏏𓐱𓊪𓏳𓐰𓏥 ḥtp (noun) “offering”, “peace”
• 𓌉𓆓𓇳 ḥḏ (2-lit.) “(be) bright, white, silver”, var. 𓌌 (L. 9)
  • 𓌌𓏏𓃒 ḥḏt “white cow”

𓐍 ḫ

• 𓐍𓐱𓏏𓐰𓏛 ḫt “thing, property”, var. 𓇋𓐍𓐰𓏏 jḫt (L. 3)
  • If used to mean “something, anything”, is treated as masculine.
• 𓆼𓄿𓉹 ḫꜢ “hall, office” (L. 7)
• 𓆼𓋴𓏏𓐰𓈉 ḫꜢst “foreign country, hilly country, desert” var. 𓈉𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 (L. 16)
• 𓈍𓐰𓂝 ḫꜤj (3ae-inf.) “appear” (L. 8)
• 𓆣𓐰𓂋 ḫpr (3-lit.) “to come into being; to become; to occur; to evolve” (L. 15)
• 𓐍𓐰𓊪𓈙𓐰𓄗 ḫpš “strong arm”
  • 𓐍𓐰𓊪𓈙𓐰𓄗 ḫpš “scimitar, battle axe”
• 𓐍𓐱𓏏𓐰𓆑 ḫft “opposite, before, facing, according to”
  • 𓐍𓐱𓏏𓐰𓆑𓅱 ḫftw (adv.) “accordingly”
• 𓐍𓐱𓏏𓐰𓆑𓀏 ḫft.j “opponent, enemy”, var. det. 𓀐, 𓀑 (L. 5)
• 𓐍𓅓𓂜 ḫm (2-lit.) “be ignorant of, do not know” (L. 4)
• 𓐍𓐰𓈖𓇓𓅱 ḫns.w Khonsu (god of the moon, son of Amun and Mut)
• 𓏃𓈖𓐰𓏏 ḫnt “in front of, before” (in order of)
  • 𓏃𓈖𓐰𓏏𓅱 ḫntw (adv.) “at the front of, before”
• 𓏃𓈖𓐰𓏏𓐰𓄡𓍘𓇋𓇋𓉐𓐱𓏤𓐰𓂋𓏏𓐰𓏭𓅆 ḫnt-ẖty-prtj “Khentekhty-perti” (10th lunar month, M.K.)
• 𓏃𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏭𓐰𓊛 ḫntj (4ae-inf.) “sail upstream, go south”
• 𓐍𓐰𓂋 ḫr “near, in the presence of”
• 𓐍𓐰𓂋𓀒 ḫr (2-lit.) “fall”
• 𓊤𓅱𓀁 ḫrw “voice” (L. 14)
• 𓆱𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 ḫt (masc.) “wood, tree, stick”
• 𓆱𓐰𓐍𓐱𓏏𓂻 ḫt “through, throughout”
• 𓆱𓐰𓐍𓐱𓏏𓂽 ḫtj (3ae-inf.) “retreat”
  • Note the determinative is “legs walking backwards”, so walking opposite to most of the figures in the text.
• 𓐍𓂧𓊛 ḫdj (3ae-inf.) “sail downstream” (L. 6)

𓄡 ẖ

• 𓄚𓐰𓈖𓏌𓅱𓉐 ẖnw “interior” (L. 16)
• 𓂙𓈖𓐰𓏏𓐰𓊛 ẖnt “water procession, voyage”
• 𓂙𓈖𓐰𓏏𓐰𓊛𓉗𓁷𓐰𓂋𓅆 ẖnt-ḥwt-ḥr(w) “voyage of Hathor” (3rd lunar month, M.K.)
• 𓎸𓏏𓁐 ẖnmt “nurse” (epithet of Isis, Nephthys, and Hathor)
• 𓎸𓃝 ẖnm.w Khnum (god of Elephantine, maker of humans) (L. 18)
• 𓌨𓐰𓂋 ẖr “under, beneath”
  • 𓌨𓐰𓂋𓏭𓐰𓏛 ẖr.j (nisbe) “lowermost, bottom”; (adv) “under”
    • 𓌨𓐰𓂋𓅱𓏛𓐰𓏥 ẖr.w “what is below, down, ‘down-ness'”
    • 𓌨𓐰𓂋𓏏𓐰𓏛 ẖrt “a belonging, possession”
    • 𓊹𓌨𓐰𓂋𓈉 ẖrt-nṯr “cemetery, necropolis”, lit. “that which is under the god” (var. 𓊻)
    • 𓎛𓌨𓃀 ẖrj-ḥꜢbt “lector priest”, lit. “the one under the ritual scroll”
• 𓄡𓐰𓂋𓐰𓂧𓀔 ẖrd “child” (L. 10)
• 𓄡𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 ẖt “belly, womb” (L. 13)

𓊃 z

• 𓊃𓐰𓀀𓐱𓏤 z “man” (L. 6)
  • Allen (2014) has zj, but
  • 𓊃𓐰𓏏𓁐 zt “woman” (L. 4)
• 𓅭𓀀 zꜢ “son”, var. 𓅭𓐴𓏤 (L. 5)
  • Var 𓆇𓐰𓏤 appears from Dyn. 18.
  • 𓅭𓐴𓏏𓁐 zꜢt “daughter”
• 𓇓𓅭𓐴𓏏𓁐 zꜢt-nswt “princess”, “daughter of the king”
• 𓊃𓐰𓊪𓐱𓊗 zp “occasion, iteration, time”
• 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓏏𓐰𓏠 znt “Senet” (the board game) (L. 18)
• 𓊃𓐰𓂋𓃝 zr “ram, sheep”
• 𓏞𓀀 zẖꜢ.w “scribe” (L. 5)
  • Transliterated zš, sš in older texts, now thought incorrectly.

𓋴 s

• 𓐠𓐰𓏤 sꜢ “the back, the back (of something)” (L. 15)
• 𓋷𓄿𓀭 sjꜢ Sia (god of perception) (L. 16)
• 𓋴𓃀𓇋𓌙 sbj (3-lit.) “rebel (against)”
  • Note that this is one of the rare verbs ending in j which is 3-lit rather than 3ae-inf.
  • 𓋴𓃀𓇋𓅱𓌙𓀐𓏥 sbj.w “hostility, rebellion”
• 𓋴𓊪𓐱𓏏𓐰𓈈 spꜢt “nome” (district of Egypt)
• 𓋴𓆑𓐰𓇳 sf “yesterday”
• 𓋴𓌳𓄿𓌪𓐰𓂡 smꜢ (3-lit.) “kill”
• 𓌢𓈖𓀀 sn “brother, sibling” (L. 11)
  • 𓌢𓈖𓐰𓏏𓁐 snt “sister”, sometimes “beloved”
• 𓋴𓐩𓈖𓐰𓆓𓅾𓀁 snḏ (3-lit.) “fear”, var. 𓅾𓀁
  • 𓅾𓀁 snḏ “fear” (noun)
• 𓋴𓆼𓄿𓀁 sḫꜢ (caus. 2-lit.) “remember” (L. 10)
• 𓋴𓐍𓐰𓂋𓏜 sḫr “plan, advice” (L. 6)
• 𓋴𓐍𓐰𓂋𓀒 sḫr (caus. 2-lit.) “overthrow, cause to fall”
• 𓋴𓈙𓐰𓏏𓐱𓍔𓄿𓏜 sštꜢ “secret” (n.) (L. 6)
• 𓋴𓎝𓎡𓋴𓎝𓎡𓐰𓂡 sksk (4-lit.) “destroy”
• 𓊨𓏏𓐰𓉐 st “place, seat, position” (L. 18)
• 𓋴𓏏𓐰𓄡𓀭 stẖ Set (god of strength, deserts, storms, aggression)
  • var. 𓋴𓏏𓐰𓈙𓀭 stš (O.K.), 𓇓𓏲𓏏𓐰𓐍𓀭 swtḫ, 𓇓𓅱𓏏𓐰𓏭𓀭 swtj(N.K.), 𓃩
• 𓄔𓅓 sḏm (3-lit.) “hear” (L. 6)
  • This verb is traditionally used as the paradigm verb for most verb forms in Egyptian.
• 𓋴𓇥𓐰𓂋𓁀 sḏr (3-lit.) “lie down, spend the night, sleep”

𓈙 š

• 𓈙𓐰𓈇𓐱𓏤 š “pool” (L. 7)
• 𓆄𓅱𓀭 šw Shu (god of air)
• 𓆄𓅱𓅪 šwj “(be) empty, free of” (L. 9)
  • To say what one is free of, use the preposition m.
• 𓈙𓃀𓅱𓏑𓐰𓏊 šb.w “food, meal” (L. 18)
• 𓈝𓅓𓂻 šmj (3ae-inf.) “go, walk, traverse” (L. 11)
• 𓈙𓐰𓈖𓆓𓅱𓐴𓏏𓋯 šnḏ.wt (šndyt) var. 𓈙𓐰𓈖𓂧𓇌𓏏𓋯 “kilt”

𓈎 q

• 𓈎𓇋𓀾𓏜 qj “form, nature, character”
• 𓈎𓐰𓂝𓎛𓂢 qꜤḥ “elbow, shoulder”
  • TLA has “shoulder” but “elbow” in one sentence; Allen has “elbow”. The word comes from the root meaning “to bend”, so on that basis it could be either one.
• 𓈎𓃀𓃀𓏁𓈗𓏜 qbb (2ae-gem.) “(become) cool, calm”
• 𓐪𓂧𓐰𓏌𓏜 qd “shape”

𓎡 k

• 𓂓𓏤 kꜢ “ka (spirit), vital force”
• 𓂓𓂸𓃒 kꜢ “bull”
• 𓂓𓁷𓐰𓏤𓂓 kꜢ-ḥr-kꜢ “Ka upon Ka” (4th lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓂓𓐰𓏏𓀋 kꜢt “construction, work” (L. 7)
• 𓎡𓄿𓀁 kꜢy (3ae-inf.) “think about, plot, plan”, var. 𓎡𓄿𓇌𓀁
• 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓐰𓈉 kꜢš (fem.) “Kush” (Nubia) (L. 16)
• 𓎡𓇌 ky “other, another” (L. 12)
  • 𓎡𓐰𓏏 kt “other” (fem.)
  • 𓎡𓐰𓏭𓅱𓐰𓏭 kjwj “other” (pl.)
  • 𓎡𓐰𓏏𓐍𓐰𓏏𓏛𓀀𓏪 kyt-jḫt (kt-ḫt) “others” (noun)
  • 𓎡𓐰𓏏𓐍𓐰𓏭𓀀𓐱𓁐𓐰𓏥 kt-ḫj “others” (noun, var.)
• 𓆎𓅓 km “black” (L. 12)
• 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓐰𓊖 kmt “Egypt” (lit. “Black land”) (L. 9)
• 𓎡𓐰𓉔𓃀𓃩𓀜 khb (3-lit.) “do harm; be violent; roar”

𓎼 g

• 𓅠𓅓 gmj (3ae-inf.) “find” (L. 10)
• 𓅠𓅓𓅠𓅓𓏴 gmgm (4-lit.) “crack, smash”
• 𓎼𓐰𓂋𓀁 gr (2-lit.) “be silent” (L. 4)
• 𓎼𓋴𓐝 gs “side” var. 𓐞𓐰𓏤 (L. 11)
• 𓎼𓐰𓂋𓎛𓇰 grḥ “night” (L. 12)
• 𓎼𓐰𓂋𓍅𓀁 grg “lie, falsehood”

𓏏 t

• 𓏏𓐱𓏐𓐰𓏒 t (masc.) “bread”, var. 𓏏𓐰𓏒𓐰𓏥 (L. 9)
• 𓇾𓐰𓈇𓐱𓏤 tꜢ “land” var. 𓇾 (L. 5)
  • 𓇾𓐰𓇾 tꜢ.wj “The Two Lands” (Egypt)
• 𓏏𓄿𓂝𓃀𓏏𓐰𓏯𓎱𓐰𓇳 tꜢ-Ꜥ(Ꜣ)bt “The Offering” (5th lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓁶𓐰𓏤 tp “head”
  • 𓁶𓐰𓏤 tp “atop, above”, var. with pronouns 𓁶𓐰𓊪
  • 𓁶𓐰𓊪𓐱𓏭 tp.j (nisbe) “first”, “top”, “chief”
  • 𓌐 tp.j “first”, used with first month of a season
• 𓏏𓐰𓍃𓅓 tm (2-lit.) “not do, fail to do”
• 𓏏𓐰𓈖 tn → 𓊪𓐰𓈖 pn (L. 4)
• 𓏏𓐰𓂋𓆵𓇳 tr “season, time”
• 𓏏𓐰𓂋𓆵𓀁 tr (part.) “really? actually?”, emphasis

𓍿 ṯ

• 𓅷𓏏𓐰𓏤𓀀 ṯꜢ.tj “vizier” (L. 6)
• 𓍿𓐰𓈖𓌙𓅯𓈐 ṯnj “(to/from) where?”
• 𓍿𓐰𓈖𓏌𓅱𓌙𓅯 ṯnw “each, every”
• 𓍿𓐰𓊃𓅓𓃡 ṯzm “dog” (greyhound, sighthound) (L. 11)

𓂧 d

• 𓇼𓄿𓀢 dwꜢ “praise, adore, worship” (L. 16)
• 𓂧𓄿𓏏𓐰𓊖 dwꜢt “underworld, netherworld” var. 𓇼𓏏𓐰𓉐 (L. 17)
• 𓁶𓐰𓏤 dp → 𓁶𓐰𓏤 tp
• 𓂧𓐰𓊪𓐱𓏏𓄓𓀁 dpt “taste” (noun) (L. 17)
• 𓂧𓐰𓊪𓐱𓏏𓊛 dpt “boat” (L. 3)
• 𓂧𓄿𓂋𓐰𓂡 dꜢr “subdue, restrain, suppress” (L. 7)
  • var. 𓂧𓄿𓂡 dꜢ, 𓂧𓄿𓇋𓂡 dꜢj, 𓂧𓄿𓇋𓂋𓐰𓂡 dꜢjr
• 𓂧𓐰𓈖𓎼𓀀 dng “dwarf” (L. 7)
  • var. 𓂧𓄿𓎼𓀀 dꜢg, 𓂧𓄿𓈖𓐰𓎼𓀀 dꜢng
• 𓂧𓋴𓏊 ds “jug”, unit of liquid measure
• 𓂧𓐰𓈙𓐰𓂋𓅟 dšr (3-lit. adj.) “(be) red” (L. 12)
  • 𓅟𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐰𓈉 dšrt “desert” (lit. “red land”)
• 𓂧𓐰𓎼𓁹 dgj (3ae-inf.) “look, behold”
• 𓂧𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 dt → 𓂧𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 ḏrt

𓆓 ḏ

• 𓍑𓄿𓊛 ḏꜢj (3ae-inf.) “cross, ferry over” (L. 9)
• 𓈋𓐰𓏤 ḏw “mountain” (L. 18)
• 𓈋𓅱𓅪 ḏw “evil, bad, sinister” (L. 9)
• 𓌥𓃀𓏛 ḏbꜢ (3-lit.) “replace”
  • 𓂋𓌥𓃀𓏛 r-ḏbꜢ(.t) “instead of, in exchange for”
• 𓂭 ḏbꜤ “10,000”
• 𓆓𓃀𓂝𓂭 ḏbꜤ “finger”
  • By the Third Intermediate Period this can also mean “toe” (JEA 39, 117).
• 𓆓𓈖𓀜 ḏn (2-lit.) “thresh (grain)”
• 𓇥𓐰𓂋 ḏr “since” (adv.) “over, to the end, finally”
• 𓇥𓐰𓂋𓅱𓈐 ḏr.w (ḏr) “limit, boundary”, var. 𓇥𓂋
• 𓂧𓐰𓏏𓐱𓏤 ḏrt “hand”
  • Note writing with the d glyph as ideogram for “hand”.
• 𓅝𓏏𓐰𓏭𓅆 ḏḥw.tj Thoth (god of writing, knowledge, and the moon), var. 𓅝
  • 𓅝𓏏𓐰𓏭𓅆𓎱𓐰𓇳 ḏḥw.tj “Thoth” (1st lunar month, N.K.)
• 𓆓𓐳𓊃 or 𓆓𓐳𓋴 ḏs “self” (L. 10)
• 𓂦𓐰𓂋 ḏsr (3-lit. adj) “(be) sacred” var. 𓂦 (L. 14)
• 𓂧𓐰𓎼𓁹 dgꜢ, dgy (3ae-inf.) “behold, see, look at”
• 𓆓𓐳𓐷𓏏𓐰𓇾𓐸 ḏt “forever” (in linear time) (L. 17)
• 𓆓𓐳𓂧 ḏd (2-lit.) “say, speak” (L. 4)
• 𓊽𓊽𓏏𓐰𓊖 ḏdt “Mendes” (L. 18)

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